Primer Ensayo de Enseñanza del Inglés como Segunda Lengua

Lizeth Peralta

Teaching by principles

In this topic there are twelve principles that describe characteristics of language teaching and learning, in this case is about English language; each principle has its meaning and strategies and also these principles will help us to increase the approach about teaching this language, they are classified in three categories: cognitive, socioaffective, and linguistic principles.

*Cognitive principles

This category of principles is related with the knowledge and basic characteristics of strategies of how to teach and learn; it is classified in six principles.

-Principle 1: Automaticity

The term automaticity is related with automatic; it says that when students of any age are very focused in English grammar, they will understand the English grammar and get a lot of fluency when they practice the language in many forms without difficulty (speaking, listening, reading and writing).

-Principle 2: Meaningful learning

This principle is the opposite of the rote learning because it explains that when students after beginners, when they saw basic statements, then they see the same when they advance, but adding new information with sounds, structures and discourses; in case of the rote learning is when students memorize without analyzing grammar structures.

-Principle 3: The anticipation of reward

When the teacher wants students to learn English language, he or she offers to them a reward to make them focused and interested in learning it; the reward is depending of the age of students, if students are children the reward would be sticker, candies, and happy faces; if students are teenagers or adults the reward would be extra points, awards, recognitions, etc.

-Principle 4: Intrinsic Motivation

It is when students want to learn without waiting their reward because they feel the need to acquire the second language so they could prepare discourses, speak without mistakes, answer tasks, and the teacher wouldn´t have the difficulty to teach them English Language.

-Principle 5: Strategic Investment

The teacher has to use many kinds of strategies using methods, textbooks, or grammatical paradigms to make them focused in learning and also it is valid that students prepare their own methods of performing the language using time, effort and attention.

-Principle 6: Autonomy

This term refers that students have to learn English grammar step by step, they have to follow a sequence, first is normal that beginners practice with the teacher’s help or by memorizing grammar rules, repeating dialogues in teams or little groups or in pairs, then when they are intermediate or advanced, they can practice the grammar with conversations or dialogues.

*Socioaffective Principles

These kinds of principles are related with emotions, some kind of motivation about learning English as a second language, and cultures, worldwide and a way of life; this principle is classified in three principles.

-Principle 7: Language Ego

We have our first language, but we can also learn other language, English, with people that know it or in other place that use that language, but we have to analyze the cultures, attitudes and affection of people of other countries, and specially another kind of strategies about teaching this language.

-Principle 8: Willingness to Communicate

It is when students have the necessity to learn the language without showing shyness, insecurity or self-confidence, instead of having those obstacles; they have to have anxiety and self-efficacy to learn it better, and with a lot of faith in them.

-Principle 9: The language-Culture Connection

This principle describes that some places that use English language that have the same customs, values, some kind of words and ways of thinking and analyzing it is an easy way for students to learn very quick and for teachers to teach them, in case of the same strategies.

*Linguistic Principles

This last principle will explain the last three principles that are related with the study of the language.

-Principle 10: The Nature Language Effect

This principle explains that every student with the native language has the possibility to learn other language, when students are beginners is normal that they make a lot of mistakes, but at the same time they learn making them by practicing and understanding the English grammar.

-Principle 11: Interlanguage

In this principle explains if students make mistakes, teachers have to correct them carefully, some students could feel stupid because of interlanguage errors, that means that teachers have to tell them in other way to make them understand the mistakes.

-Principle 12: Communicative Competence

It is when students practice the language that they’ve learned in organizational, pragmatically, and strategic forms, they speak with fluency and they try to get perfection of the language.

Bibliography:

My class of Chapter 4 Teaching by 12 principles